中國(guó)石化新聞網(wǎng)訊 據(jù)海灣新聞網(wǎng)2023年7月11日?qǐng)?bào)道，由于地緣政治沖突提振了原油價(jià)格，歐佩克主要成員國(guó)提高了原油產(chǎn)量，歐佩克去年的原油出口收入攀升至近10年來的最高水平。
歐佩克秘書處周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，歐佩克13個(gè)成員國(guó)去年的原油出口收入達(dá)到8736億美元，較上年增長(zhǎng)54%。這是歐佩克成員國(guó)自2014年以來表現(xiàn)最好的一年，當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)頁巖油熱潮結(jié)束了油價(jià)處于歷史高位的時(shí)期。
去年原油價(jià)格飆升，布倫特原油期貨均價(jià)約為每桶99美元，為2014年以來的最高水平。
與此同時(shí)，沙特阿拉伯和阿聯(lián)酋等歐佩克國(guó)家打開了水龍頭，以滿足疫情后燃料需求的復(fù)蘇。價(jià)格飆升和產(chǎn)量增加共同推高了整個(gè)組織的收益。
去年，歐佩克國(guó)家通常出售的一攬子原油價(jià)格平均略高于每桶100美元，而彭博新聞社估計(jì)，歐佩克13個(gè)成員國(guó)的原油日產(chǎn)量約為2920萬桶，石油收益還包括成品油的銷售。
2012年，歐佩克的原油出口收入達(dá)到了約1.2萬億美元的峰值，那時(shí)從得克薩斯州到北達(dá)科他州的美國(guó)各州，水力壓裂技術(shù)(又稱壓裂法)正在釋放大量頁巖油。隨后的市場(chǎng)崩盤促使曾經(jīng)是激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的沙特阿拉伯和俄羅斯在2016年組建了歐佩克+聯(lián)盟。
由于歐佩克成員國(guó)的變化，當(dāng)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在的收入比較有些復(fù)雜。包括卡塔爾和厄瓜多爾在內(nèi)的國(guó)家已退出該組織，而赤道幾內(nèi)亞和加蓬等其他國(guó)家已加入該組織。
今年，由于亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇速度放緩，美國(guó)和其他地方的利率收緊引發(fā)了對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的擔(dān)憂，歐佩克+再次參與減產(chǎn)以支撐原油市場(chǎng)。上周，沙特宣布將把每日減產(chǎn)100萬桶的協(xié)議延長(zhǎng)至8月份，俄羅斯也做出了削減原油出口的新承諾。
然而，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)前景惡化，以及有些歐佩克+成員國(guó)的供應(yīng)超出預(yù)期，這些措施正在努力支撐市場(chǎng)。
布倫特原油價(jià)格仍低于每桶80美元，遠(yuǎn)低于沙特阿拉伯政府支出所需的水平。
李峻 譯自 海灣新聞網(wǎng)
原文如下：
OPEC oil export revenue was highest in almost a decade last year
OPEC’s petroleum export revenues climbed to the highest in almost a decade last year, as the war on Ukraine bolstered crude prices and key members ramped up production.
The 13 nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries earned $873.6 billion in 2022, up 54 per cent from the prior year, according to a report from the group’s secretariat on Tuesday. It was their best year since 2014, when the US shale boom ended a period of historically high oil prices.
Brent futures averaged about $99 a barrel, the highest since 2014.
Meanwhile, OPEC nations such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE opened the taps to satisfy the post-pandemic recovery in fuel demand. The combination of surging prices and increased output pushed up earnings for the entire group.
The basket of crude grades typically sold by OPEC nations averaged just over $100 a barrel in 2022, while Bloomberg estimates show that crude production from its 13 states was roughly 29.2 million barrels a day. The figures for petroleum revenue also include sales of refined products.
OPEC’s earnings peaked at roughly $1.2 trillion in 2012, just as the use of hydraulic fracturing - also known as fracking - was unlocking a gusher of shale-oil in American states from Texas to North Dakota. The ensuing market crash spurred the Saudis and the bigger producer, once fierce rivals, to form the OPEC+ coalition in 2016.
Revenue comparisons between then and now are complicated slightly by changes in OPEC’s membership. Countries including Qatar and Ecuador have quit the group while others such as Equatorial Guinea and Gabon have joined.
This year, OPEC+ is once again engaged in production cuts to prop up crude markets, as Asian economic recovery disappoints and tightening interest rates in the US and elsewhere stir fears of a recession. Last week, the Saudis announced they would prolong an extra 1 million barrel-a-day cutback into August, and the bigger producer made a new pledge to pare exports.
Yet the measures are struggling to support the market as the economic outlook frays and supplies exceed expectations from OPEC+ members- despite its repeated promises of restraint.
Brent remains under $80 a barrel, far below the levels the kingdom apparently needs to cover government spending.
